Geographic Access to Diabetes Prevention Program Sites: New York State Department of Health
Rachael A. Ruberto, MPH; Ian F. Brissette, PhD
Suggested citation for this article: Ruberto RA, Brissette IF. Geographic Access to Diabetes Prevention Program Sites: New York State Department of Health. Prev Chronic Dis 2014;11:130400. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd11.130400
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Map. This map displays existing and potential Diabetes Prevention Program sites in New York State, by county, 30-minute drive-time boundaries to existing sites, and prediabetes risk factor scores. Approximately 80.0% of New York’s population resides within a 30-minute drive time to a Diabetes Prevention Program site; however, most people living in 10 of the counties with the highest prediabetes risk-factor score live at a distance beyond a 30-minute drive to an existing site. Data sources: Source for prediabetes risk factor score: New York State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (1) and New York City Community Health Survey (2). Source for existing diabetes prevention program sites: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (3), New York State Department of Health (4), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (5). Source for potential program sites: Health Resources and Services Administration (6), New York Association for Independent Living (7,8), and New York State Office for the Aging (9). [A text description of this map is also available.]
Background
New York’s Division of Chronic Disease Prevention has supported the delivery of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) through community-based organizations across the state. The DPP is a 16-week lifestyle change program designed to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in adults who are at high risk for the disease. In 2009, 10 YMCA sites across the state were selected to deliver the program. In subsequent years, additional community-based organizations developed capacity to deliver DPP. The goal of the New York State DPP is to establish critical partnerships that serve as a statewide infrastructure of effective, accessible, and affordable diabetes prevention programs.
Methods
New York’s Bureau of Chronic Disease Evaluation and Research used a geographic information system (GIS) to identify counties with high prediabetes risk-factor composite scores based on county-level prevalence of obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension, and diagnosed diabetes (Figure). The standardized z-score was calculated by using data from the 2008–09 New York State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (1) and the 2009 New York City Community Health Survey (2), and ranged from −6.01 (lowest risk) to 7.06 (highest risk) among New York State (NYS) counties. Spatial, street-level network analysis was used to calculate 30-minute drive-time buffers around existing DPP sites. Tract-level data from the 2010 US Census (http://www.census.gov/2010census/) was used to calculate the percentage of the NYS population living within the buffers. Potential DPP sites were identified by using 2011 data indicating the locations of federally qualified health centers, independent living centers, and area agencies on aging.
Main Findings
Although approximately 80.0% of New York’s population resides within a 30-minute drive time to a Diabetes Prevention Program site; most people living in 10 of the counties with the highest prediabetes risk-factor score live at a distance beyond a 30-minute drive to an existing site.
Action
The expansion of DPP sites through additional community-based facilities would improve access to prevention programs in communities with high diabetes risk-factor profiles and would facilitate the improvement of community–clinical linkages across the state to sustain prevention efforts for type 2 diabetes. The New York State Department of Health has used information from GIS analysis to identify areas with limited access to DPPs and encourage key partners to locate programs in community-based organizations serving at-risk populations. Future plans include expanding the analysis to incorporate all evidence-based chronic disease programs and assessing demographic differences among populations living within and outside the 30-minute drive-time radius to existing program sites.
Acknowledgments
This manuscript was supported, in part, by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cooperative Agreement no. 1U58/DP00-1963-05, and New York State Department of Health.
Author Information
Corresponding Author: Rachael A. Ruberto, MPH, New York State Department of Health, Division of Chronic Disease Prevention, Bureau of Chronic Disease Evaluation and Research, Corning Tower, Rm. 1072, Albany, NY 12237. Phone: 518-474-2434. Email: rxr24@health.ny.gov.
Author Affiliation: Ian F. Brissette, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
References
The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions.
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