Preventing Chronic Disease | Concentration of Tobacco Advertisements at SNAP and WIC Stores, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2012 - CDC
Concentration of Tobacco Advertisements at SNAP and WIC Stores, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2012
Amy Hillier, PhD; Mariana Chilton, PhD; Qian-Wei Zhao, BA; Dorota Szymkowiak, PhD; Ryan Coffman, MPH; Giridhar Mallya, MD
Suggested citation for this article: Hillier A, Chilton M, Zhao Q, Szymkowiak D, Coffman R, Mallya G. Concentration of Tobacco Advertisements at SNAP and WIC Stores, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2012. Prev Chronic Dis 2015;12:140133. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.140133
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Abstract
Introduction
Tobacco advertising is widespread in urban areas with racial/ethnic minority and low-income households that participate in nutrition assistance programs. Tobacco sales and advertising are linked to smoking behavior, which may complicate matters for low-income families struggling with disparate health risks relating to nutrition and chronic disease. We investigated the relationship between the amount and type of tobacco advertisements on tobacco outlets and the outlet type and location.
Tobacco advertising is widespread in urban areas with racial/ethnic minority and low-income households that participate in nutrition assistance programs. Tobacco sales and advertising are linked to smoking behavior, which may complicate matters for low-income families struggling with disparate health risks relating to nutrition and chronic disease. We investigated the relationship between the amount and type of tobacco advertisements on tobacco outlets and the outlet type and location.
Methods
By using field visits and online images, we inspected all licensed tobacco retail outlets in Philadelphia (N = 4,639). Point pattern analyses were used to identify significant clustering of tobacco outlets and outlets with exterior tobacco advertisements. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the outlet’s acceptance of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and the presence of tobacco advertisements.
By using field visits and online images, we inspected all licensed tobacco retail outlets in Philadelphia (N = 4,639). Point pattern analyses were used to identify significant clustering of tobacco outlets and outlets with exterior tobacco advertisements. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between the outlet’s acceptance of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and the presence of tobacco advertisements.
Results
Tobacco outlets with exterior tobacco advertisements were significantly clustered in several high-poverty areas. Controlling for racial/ethnic and income composition and land use, SNAP and WIC vendors were significantly more likely to have exterior (SNAP odds ratio [OR], 2.11; WIC OR, 1.59) and interior (SNAP OR, 3.43; WIC OR, 1.69) tobacco advertisements than other types of tobacco outlets.
Tobacco outlets with exterior tobacco advertisements were significantly clustered in several high-poverty areas. Controlling for racial/ethnic and income composition and land use, SNAP and WIC vendors were significantly more likely to have exterior (SNAP odds ratio [OR], 2.11; WIC OR, 1.59) and interior (SNAP OR, 3.43; WIC OR, 1.69) tobacco advertisements than other types of tobacco outlets.
Conclusion
Tobacco advertising is widespread at retail outlets, particularly in low-income and racial/ethnic minority neighborhoods. Policy makers may be able to mitigate the effects of this disparate exposure through tobacco retail licensing, local sign control rules, and SNAP and WIC authorization.
Tobacco advertising is widespread at retail outlets, particularly in low-income and racial/ethnic minority neighborhoods. Policy makers may be able to mitigate the effects of this disparate exposure through tobacco retail licensing, local sign control rules, and SNAP and WIC authorization.
Acknowledgments
Funding for this project was made possible, in part, by cooperative agreement no. 1U58DP002633-01 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, and by Get Healthy Philly, an initiative of the PDPH. We thank Auguste Dutcher, Anne Misak, Latifah Griffin, Akim Cooper, Keith Gant, Paul Bailey, Tiyanna Johnson, Emily Edwards, Angela Sutton, Sharon McCollum, Katie Oberwager, Rio Holaday, Alex Kaplan, and Bailee Casey for managing and conducting the field work.
Author Information
Corresponding Author: Amy Hillier, PhD, University of Pennsylvania School of Design, 127 Meyerson Hall, 210 S 34th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Telephone: 215-746-2341. Email: ahillier@design.upenn.edu.
Author Affiliations: Mariana Chilton, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Qian-Wei Zhao, University of Pennsylvania School of Social Policy and Practice, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Dorota Szymkowiak, Ryan Coffman, Giridhar Mallya, Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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